[82] In the second trimester, often two or three tests are used in combination with two or three of: α-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, total hCG, and free βhCG detecting about 60–70% of cases. Findings that indicate increased risk when seen at 14 to 24 weeks of gestation include a small or no nasal bone, large ventricles, nuchal fold thickness, and an abnormal right subclavian artery, among others. Small head 3. [1] Between 20 and 50% have strabismus, in which the two eyes do not move together. In people with Down syndrome, these problems are found from the age of 60. [109] Some proposed treatments may also be harmful. Well ...", "How people with disability are portrayed on a television series about dating: 'I'll risk ridicule on TV to find love, "Celtic superfan Jay Beatty's song is Facebook hit", "When this entrepreneur with Down syndrome couldn't find work at a bakery, she started her own - The Boston Globe", "Dr. Karen Gaffney: First living person with Down syndrome to receive honorary doctorate", Marte Wexelsen Goksøyr får Stolthetsprisen, "Upstairs Downstairs actress's new-found fame", "Call the Midwife role written especially for Lewes actress Sarah Gordy", "Disabled woman who fought for transplant dies - SF Gate", "Lake Oswego rapper -- Laz D -- truly keeps it real", "Nikic becomes first person with Down's syndrome to finish Ironman", "Yo También on the Internet Movie Database", "Actors with Down syndrome in more films, TV; 'Glee' star Lauren Potter says 'we're just like anybody else, "Bratislava International Film festival 2004", "Salkkarit-Sanna kahmi mitaleja suurpujottelussa: Värisuora lähellä", "Down's Syndrome model Madeline Stuart sparks an emotional reaction with a new bridal shoot", "Turkey wins 28 medals in Down syndrome championships: Note:", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_people_with_Down_syndrome&oldid=1008309671, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Actor and folk singer, best known for his role in, Entrepreneur who started Collettey's Cookies, Disability rights campaigner and the first living person with Down syndrome to receive an honorary doctorate degree, Actress, playwright, writer and disability rights activist, The first person with Down syndrome to receive a heart-lung transplant, first person with Down syndrome to complete an, BAFTA Scotland award-winning actress who appeared in, An infant who was born after an unsuccessful, World and European champion track and field athlete, This page was last edited on 22 February 2021, at 17:31. We rely on public and private sector support to fulfill our mission to be the National Voice for people with Down syndrome and their families. [13] Down syndrome can be identified during pregnancy by prenatal screening followed by diagnostic testing or after birth by direct observation and genetic testing. [64], The extra chromosome content can arise through several different ways. These can often be managed by medications or other care. People who have Down syndrome usually have cognitive development profiles that suggest mild to moderate intellectual disability. Treatment is a diet free from gluten for life. [8], They typically do fairly well with social skills. [1] The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental ability of an eight- or nine-year-old child, but this can vary widely. Someone with Down's syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21 in the cells of their body. Children with Down syndrome still often have difficulty with sentence structure and grammar, as well as developing the ability to speak clearly. [20] Surgical repair of heart problems may be required as early as three months of age. [1] It is typically associated with physical growth delays, characteristic facial features, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Medical texts had assumed it was caused by a combination of inheritable factors that had not been identified. [77] Other research, however, has not confirmed these findings. [166] Research is often carried out on an animal model, the Ts65Dn mouse. [58], People with Down syndrome also tend to have a more alkaline saliva resulting in a greater resistance to tooth decay, despite decreased quantities of saliva,[59] less effective oral hygiene habits, and higher plaque indexes. They are typically used in combination to increase the detection rate. Drawing may help with language, speech, and reading skills. [38] In those who reach 60 years of age, 50–70% have the disease. Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused when abnormal cell division results in an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. Short neck 4. [8] Other problems that may occur include tetralogy of Fallot and patent ductus arteriosus. This causes the typical features of the condition. [2] It is usually associated with physical growth delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic facial features. [2] The average IQ of a young adult with Down syndrome is 50, equivalent to the mental age of an 8- or 9-year-old child, but this number varies widely. [92], Testing of the mother's blood for fetal DNA is being studied and appears promising in the first trimester. [1] In those who develop dementia there is no evidence for memantine,[105] donepezil,[106] rivastigmine,[107] or galantamine. Hearing and vision problems. [82][92] Testing in both trimesters is sometimes recommended and test results are often combined with ultrasound results. [1] Keratoconus (a thin, cone-shaped cornea)[8] and glaucoma (increased eye pressure) are also more common,[1] as are refractive errors requiring glasses or contacts. [163] Two efforts being studied are the use stem cells[162] and gene therapy. “The cells of people with Down syndrome are constantly fighting a viral infection that does not exist,” says Joaquin Espinosa, a genomicist at the University of Colorado's Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome. [10][11][19] It is named after British doctor John Langdon Down, who fully described the syndrome in 1866. [32] Augmentative and alternative communication methods, such as pointing, body language, objects, or pictures, are often used to help with communication. [14] Rates are lower among women who are younger and have decreased over time. It occurs most often in those older than nine years or having a white blood cell count greater than 50,000 per microliter and is rare in those younger than one year old. Down syndrome is a genetic condition that causes mild to serious physical and developmental problems. [7] Some individuals with Down syndrome graduate from high school, and a few attend post-secondary education. [109] Plastic surgery on children with Down syndrome is uncommon,[110] and continues to be controversial. [159], The first World Down Syndrome Day was held on 21 March 2006. [63] Fertility is estimated to be present in 30–50% of females. According to statistics, there are more than 400,000 people suffering from Down syndrome in the United States of America. [8], Hearing aids or other amplification devices can be useful for language learning in those with hearing loss. The care of children with Down syndrome", "Health and disease in adults with Down syndrome", "Ángela Bachiller es la primera edil con síndrome de Down", "What's So Funny About Disability? [21] [65] As a result, a sperm or egg cell is produced with an extra copy of chromosome 21; this cell thus has 24 chromosomes. [46], Problems of the thyroid gland occur in 20–50% of individuals with Down syndrome. [42] Celiac disease affects about 7–20%[8][20] and gastroesophageal reflux disease is also more common. [151] Some in the United States who are anti-abortion support abortion if the fetus is disabled, while others do not. [83], About 92% of pregnancies in Europe with a diagnosis of Down syndrome are terminated. These contain additional material from chromosome 21 and occur in about 2.5% of cases. [136], In 1961, a group of nineteen scientists suggested that "mongolism" had "misleading connotations" and had become "an embarrassing term". [148] Some parents argue that Down syndrome should not be prevented or cured and that eliminating Down syndrome amounts to genocide. [140] However, both the possessive and nonpossessive forms remain in use by the general population. [64], Between 5 and 15% of children with Down syndrome in Sweden attend regular school. In June 2020, the earliest incidence of Down syndrome was found in genomic evidence from an infant that was buried before 3200 BC at Poulnabrone dolmen in Ireland. [127], With the discovery of karyotype techniques in the 1950s it became possible to identify abnormalities of chromosomal number or shape.
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